more notes

3 files changed, 107 insertions, 16 deletions

diff --git a/assignment2/mitigation.tex b/assignment2/mitigation.tex
index 0553fe0..81fcfbf 100644
--- a/assignment2/mitigation.tex
+++ b/assignment2/mitigation.tex
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
 % 530 words
 % Discuss the importance of mitigation in EIA and possible measures
-% to address the potential impacts of the proposed development
\ No newline at end of file
+% to address the potential impacts of the proposed development
+
+from NIWA:
+http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/freshwater/tools/kaitiaki_tools/land-use/meat-processing/impacts/chemical-contaminates-and-meat-and-dairy-processing/mitigation
+
+  - Minimise the use of water in any existing plant.
+  - Reuse water where possible without treating it first.
+  - Treat wastewater to allow its reuse.
+  - Optimise the use of reused water.
+  - Reduce the use of chemicals or use less harmful ones.
+  - Recycle chemicals.
+  - Recover and reuse spilled raw materials and products.
+  - Process by-products into higher value products instead of waste.
+  - Design or select new plant to use less water.
+
+NZ water problems \parencite{cullen}:
+- set national priorities for water
+- assist regional councils in completing plans
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
index d6a09fb..d3057e7 100644
--- a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
+++ b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
@@ -1,13 +1,76 @@
 % 830 words
 
-% Dairy farming has recently expanded in the Waiwhetu region, providing
-% a boost to the local economy. To cope with the increased milk
-% production, a dairy company is proposing to set up a new factory. The
-% factory will be located close to the Waiwhetu River, the region’s main
-% waterway. To operate the new factory, the proponents want to take
-% water from the river and discharge wastewater from the plant back into
-% the waterway.
+\section{Proposed activities and their potential effects}
+
+All three major stations in the lifecycle of the proposed dairy
+factory have to be considered for an assessment of the potential
+effects of the project: preparation of the site (displacement of
+existing uses) and construction, operation, and eventual close-down of
+the facility. For the purposes of this assignment only the potential
+impacts of the first two stages shall be addressed as they dominate
+the life cycle impacts.
+
+
+\subsection{Preparation and construction}
+
+- removal of riparian vegetation
+
+\subsection{Expected impacts during operation}
+
+The major impacts of
+
+\subsubsection{Water allocation}
+
+\subsubsection{Discharge of waste water}
+
+The major waste material from processing milk in a dairy factory is
+contaminated water that has been removed from the milk or that has
+been used to clean the factory.
+
+from NIWA:
+http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/freshwater/tools/kaitiaki_tools/land-use/meat-processing/impacts/water-resources-and-MDP
+
+  - Changes in flow - changes in water levels and flow variability
+    alters available mahinga kai habitat and the invertebrates they
+    feed on.
+
+  - Reduction in habitat - a decrease in water levels reduces habitat
+    for fish and can impact feeding and spawning success.
+
+  - Reduction in specialist habitats - a decrease in water levels
+    reduces flow to riparian wetlands, backwaters, and intermittent
+    streams.
+
+  - Decreases in species abundance and diversity - aquatic species
+    have developed life history strategies in direct response to
+    natural flows; for example, diadromous fish species migrate up and
+    down the river at various times of the year and rely on preferred
+    velocities and depths.
 
+  - Changes in sediment accumulation - flow reduction affects movement
+    and deposition of sediments in streams and rivers.
+
+  - Changes in water quality parameters - for example, turbidity and
+    temperature levels can increase with reduced flows in rivers.
+
+  - Increases in algae accumulation - algae respond to changes in
+    temperature and nutrients, which are likely to increase with
+    reduction of flow, especially during summer months.
+
+
+- contamination
+- nutrient overloading
+  - 
+
+\subsection{Transportation of raw materials and produce}
+
+
+
+\subsection{Cumulative impacts}
+
+- must consider cumulative impact of increased dairy *farming*
+- consider effects of existing factory with permits for another decade
+- farm runoffs pollute the river according to locals
 
 NZ water problems \parencite{cullen}:
 
@@ -47,11 +110,13 @@ monitoring / significance implications:
 - little knowledge about what the community wants and expects wrt water management
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
+% Dairy farming has recently expanded in the Waiwhetu region, providing
+% a boost to the local economy. To cope with the increased milk
+% production, a dairy company is proposing to set up a new factory. The
+% factory will be located close to the Waiwhetu River, the region’s main
+% waterway. To operate the new factory, the proponents want to take
+% water from the river and discharge wastewater from the plant back into
+% the waterway.
 
 - water allocation
   - 10,000 cubic metres
@@ -60,8 +125,6 @@ monitoring / significance implications:
   - 2 degrees warmer
     - effect on invertebrates
 - cumulative effects
-  - other dairy factory
-  - farm runoffs pollute the river according to locals
 
 - social impacts
   - more jobs 
@@ -81,4 +144,4 @@ monitoring / significance implications:
 % quality is already being affected by waste generated from local farms
 % and want to see the river cleaned up.
 % 
-% Note: Waiwhetu is a fictitious region
+% Note: Waiwhetu is a fictitious region
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assignment2/references.bib b/assignment2/references.bib
index 6fa1336..40ef75f 100644
--- a/assignment2/references.bib
+++ b/assignment2/references.bib
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@
   doi={10.1111/j.1467-8489.2006.00338.x}
 }
 
+@inbook{chemical,
+  booktitle={Chemical Processes in {N}ew {Z}ealand},
+  title={Environmental issues in dairy processing},
+  edition={2},
+  author={Barnett, J. W. and Robertson, S. L. and Russell, J. M.},
+  editors={Packer, J. E. and Robertson, J. and Wansbrough, H.},
+  year={1998},
+  publisher={New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, Auckland.}
+}
+
+