clean up

1 files changed, 19 insertions, 89 deletions

diff --git a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
index e1b6e8a..52d73e5 100644
--- a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
+++ b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@ against selected components of the environment, including
 \item demography.
 \end{inparaenum}
 
-
-\subsection{Expected effects on water, soil and air}
-
 The proposed dairy processing facility is supposed to be located close
 to the river for easy access to water and for the convenient discharge
 of waste water back into the river.  The preparation of the site for
@@ -52,7 +49,7 @@ aquatic ecosystems.
 
 % TODO soil and air
 
-\subsubsection{Construction}
+\subsection{Construction}
 
 Preparing the selected site for construction requires the displacement
 of existing uses. On a site close to the river in a rural area, the
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ river-bed. Sedimentation is less of a problem when the construction
 site and the transport routes are chosen to be not in the immediate
 vicinity of the river or other bodies of water.
 
-\subsubsection{Effects during operation}
+\subsection{Effects during operation}
 
 During operation of the diary factory water is abstracted from the
 nearby river to sustain the production activities. The amount of water
@@ -112,10 +109,6 @@ water take as follows:
   suitable habitat or breeding ground for a type of fish.
 \end{quote}
 
-% TODO: more?
-
-% TODO: CONTINUE HERE!
-
 The major waste material from processing milk in a dairy factory is
 wastewater carrying organic components (such as proteins, lactose and
 fat) and inorganic components (e.g. nutrients). Wastewater includes
@@ -143,92 +136,29 @@ are converted to carbon dioxide and water by bacteria under use of
 oxygen.  Whether the inflow of organic components leads to oxygen
 depletion with fatal consequences for fish and other members of
 aquatic communities depends on the re-aeriation characteristics of the
-river.
-
-According to the description, the river is already used as a sink for
-the wastewater of another dairy factory; dairy farming is said to have
-expanded in this area, indicating that the inflow of organic and
-inorganic components from farm effluent and non-point sources has also
-increased. Under these circumstances, the cumulative effects of
-wastewater discharge must be addressed.
-
-\subsection{Socio-economic effects}
+river \parencite{chemical}. According to the description, the river is
+already used as a sink for the wastewater of another dairy factory;
+dairy farming is said to have expanded in this area, indicating that
+the inflow of organic and inorganic components from farm effluent and
+non-point sources has also increased. Under these circumstances, the
+cumulative effects of wastewater discharge must be addressed.
+
+An alternative to discharging wastewater in rivers is the application
+to soils, such as pasture or farm land, thereby recycling nutrients.
+Dependent on the amount of nutrients removed by plants or other means,
+nutrients can be lost to groundwater or be washed into open water
+bodies where they accelerate the process of
+eutrophication \parencite{chemical}.
+
+\subsection{Other activites and socio-economic effects}
 
 - workers during construction
 - more jobs during operation
 - positive impact on economy (higher exports, more competition?)
 - higher stress on social services for workers in the region
 - loss of vegetation + discharge of wastewater: less beautiful
-
-
-
-\section{SCRATCH AREA}
-
-
-from NIWA:
-http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/freshwater/tools/kaitiaki_tools/land-use/meat-processing/impacts/water-resources-and-MDP
-
-  - Decreases in species abundance and diversity - aquatic species
-    have developed life history strategies in direct response to
-    natural flows; for example, diadromous fish species migrate up and
-    down the river at various times of the year and rely on preferred
-    velocities and depths.
-
-  - Increases in algae accumulation - algae respond to changes in
-    temperature and nutrients, which are likely to increase with
-    reduction of flow, especially during summer months.
-
-
-- contamination
-- nutrient overloading
-  - 
-
-\subsection{Transportation of raw materials and produce}
-
-
-
-\subsection{Cumulative impacts}
-
-
-- must consider cumulative impact of increased dairy *farming*
-- consider effects of existing factory with permits for another decade
-- farm runoffs pollute the river according to locals
-
-NZ water problems \parencite{cullen}:
-
-- agricultural irrigation increased by 55\% per decade
-- water quality:
-  - non-point sources (e.g. nutrient run-off)
-  - access to waterways by cattle
-  - urban develpment
-  - forestry
-
-- water management through regional councils:
-  - regional policy statements + regional plans
-  - unless authorised by plan discharges require resource consents
-  
-impact of agriculture on water:
-
-- primary source of non-point discharges
-  - application of fertiliser and pesticides
-  - discharges from the soil and animals
-  - materials move into surface and groundwater at higher rates than usual
-- discharge from animals increases E. coli concentrations
-
-
-monitoring / significance implications:
-- lack of reliable data against which to draw conclusions for key parameters in all regions
-- lack of approved plans relating to water in some regions
-  - require councils to set realistic goals and objectives; difficult
-    because has to reconcile urban recreational and environmental
-    requirements with rural economic demands
-  - too little policy direction from central government
-- even without these plans, councils must process resource consent applications
-- lack of monitoring and enforcement
-  - low compliance
-  - impossible to determine the efficacy of management practices
-- limited knowledge on how to best deal with non-point source discharges
-- little knowledge about what the community wants and expects wrt water management
+- transportation of milk and products, use of fossil fuels, noise
+- increase in solid waste production from packaging
 
 
 % Dairy farming has recently expanded in the Waiwhetu region, providing