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diff --git a/assignment1/discussion.tex b/assignment1/discussion.tex index 38fc85a..249766b 100644 --- a/assignment1/discussion.tex +++ b/assignment1/discussion.tex @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ On the other hand, public participation ... leads to abuse, slow process miller2 -\subsection{Cumulative effects} +\subsection{Cumulative effects and the devolved mandate} What sets apart New Zealand's approach to environmental assessment from those of other countries is the devolved mandate. The @@ -110,20 +110,25 @@ not demand an assessment of the cumulative impacts of `Permitted Activities'. According to the RMA Survey 2010/2011, a surprisingly large percentage of regional councils (91\%) carried out monitoring procedures and reported on `Permitted Activities' for the sake of -assessing cumulative impacts \parencite{rma-survey}. According to the +assessing cumulative impacts \parencite{rma-survey}. According to the same survey, however, only 68 per cent of those activities that required both resource consents and monitoring were monitored by -regional and territorial councils. +regional and territorial councils. As a result, it is difficult to +evaluate the accuracy of the predictions of a considerable number of +AEE and the effectiveness of local plans and policies. % This is one of the reasons for the birth of Strategic Environmental Assessment. -- very slow publication of NPS and NES at the national level - \textcite{miller2010implementing} - - hence: few constraints on local plans, leading to regional differences - -- one-off projects that don't improve the knowledge basis or affect - the assessment of future projects \parencite{follow-up} - +The effectiveness of monitoring to anticipate cumulative effects also +depends on the institutional framework in which it is performed. For +local authorities under the RMA, national policy statements and +national environmental standards are supposed to provide reference +points for local plans and policies that determine the `intensity' of +environmental monitoring, yet the Ministry for the Environment has +been relatively slow in publishing these national +guidelines \parencite{miller2010implementing}. The relative lack of +guiding constraints on local plans favours regional differences in the +implementation of environmental management practices. \subsection{EIA at the policy level} |