clean up intro; more

2 files changed, 68 insertions, 42 deletions

diff --git a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
index 9b6edc0..d538ff7 100644
--- a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
+++ b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
@@ -11,40 +11,29 @@ shall be addressed as they dominate the life cycle effects. This
 includes the following activities:
 
 \begin{enumerate}
-\item clearing of the construction site (displacement of existing uses)
-\item construction work
-\item water allocation
+\item site preparation and construction work
+\item water allocation and abstraction
 \item treatment of solid and liquid wastes
 \item waste water discharge
 \item packaging of produced good
 \item transport of raw materials and goods
 \end{enumerate}
 
-As the different activities at different stages may result in similar
+The different activities at different stages may result in similar
 effects on a given component of the socio-economic or physical
-environment, it is more convenient to investigate the effects
-separately for each component of the environment than to list the
-effects by planned activities. The following components of the
-physical environment \parencite[adapted from][]{glasson} are to be
-considered:
+environment, and many impacts can cause a cascade of other effects of
+varying significance. All project activities are to be evaluated
+against selected components of the environment, including
 
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item Air and atmosphere
-\item Water and soil
-\item Vegetation and habitat
-\item Human health
-\item Landscape and cultural heritage
-\item Energy
-\end{enumerate}
-
-Effects on the following components of the socio-economic environment
-also need to be identified:
-
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item economic base
-\item demography
-\item socio-cutural
-\end{enumerate}
+\begin{inparaenum}
+\item air and atmosphere;
+\item water and soil;
+\item vegetation and habitat;
+\item human health;
+\item amenity values and cultural heritage;
+\item economic base; and
+\item demography.
+\end{inparaenum}
 
 
 \subsection{Expected effects on water}
@@ -87,26 +76,47 @@ find food or detect predators \parencite{niwa-sediment}. As the
 sediment load of a river increases, its flow characteristics
 change\footnote{The cascading effects of changes to flow parameters
 are addressed in later sections.} and invertebrate habitat may be
-destroyed.
-
-
-Sedimentation is less of a problem when the construction site and the
-transport routes are chosen to be not in the immediate vicinity of the
-river or other bodies of water.
-
-
+destroyed by smothering animals, plants and the
+river-bed. Sedimentation is less of a problem when the construction
+site and the transport routes are chosen to be not in the immediate
+vicinity of the river or other bodies of water.
 
 \subsubsection{Water allocation}
 
-  - Changes in water quality parameters - for example, turbidity and
-    temperature levels can increase with reduced flows in rivers.
+During operation of the diary factory water is abstracted from the
+nearby river to sustain the production activities. The amount of water
+that is used by a dairy factory depends on a variety on parameters,
+including the range of products that the factory produces and the
+operations that are involved in production; in New Zealand about 2.2
+litres of water are used for every litre of milk that is being
+processed \parencite[Fonterra data, cited
+in][]{vanasselt}\footnote{When dairy farming is included in the
+calculations, one litre of milk requires almost 1,000 litres of water
+on average.}. According to \textcite{vanasselt}, dairy processing
+plants use water mainly for cleaning and sanitising operations, as
+well as heating and cooling.
+
+The \textcite[][p. 110]{growing} summarises the potential impacts of
+water take as follows:
+
+\begin{quote}
+  The environmental effects of water allocation are twofold – the
+  effects of the reduction of water in the water bodies and the
+  effects the use of that water may have on water quality.
+  Abstraction of water from surface water or groundwater, will have an
+  impact on the ecosystems reliant on that water, for example, by
+  reducing the flow of a river, or increasing the temperature of the
+  water. Thus a reduced flow may mean that the river is no longer a
+  suitable habitat or breeding ground for a type of fish.
+\end{quote}
+
+% TODO: more?
 
-  - Reduction in habitat - a decrease in water levels reduces habitat
-    for fish and can impact feeding and spawning success.
 
+\subsubsection{Discharge of waste water}
 
 
-\subsubsection{Discharge of waste water}
+% TODO: CONTINUE HERE!
 
 The major waste material from processing milk in a dairy factory is
 contaminated water that has been removed from the milk or that has
diff --git a/assignment2/references.bib b/assignment2/references.bib
index e3d407c..c9a492e 100644
--- a/assignment2/references.bib
+++ b/assignment2/references.bib
@@ -34,10 +34,26 @@
 @techreport{riparian-management,
   title={Managing riparian zones: a contribution to protecting {N}ew {Z}ealand's rivers and streams},
   author={Collier, K.J. and Cooper, A.B. and Davies-Colley, R.J. and Rutherford, J.C. and Smith, C.M. and Williamson, R.B},
-  type={Special Publication Series},
-  number={6},
   year={1995},
-  publisher={Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation}
+  publisher={Wellington: Department of Conservation}
+}
+
+@techreport{growing,
+  title={Growing for good: intensive farming, sustainability and {N}ew {Z}ealand's environment},
+  author={{Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment}},
+  year={2004},
+  publisher={Wellington: Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment}
+}
+
+@inbook{vanasselt,
+  booktitle={Sustainable diary production},
+  title={Dairy processing},
+  chapter={5},
+  author={van Asselt, A.J. and Weeks, M.G.},
+  editor={de Jong, Peter},
+  year={2013},
+  isbn={9781118489468},
+  publisher={Wiley}
 }
 
 @article{lawrence,