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authorrekado <rekado@elephly.net>2013-04-05 15:21:14 +0800
committerrekado <rekado@elephly.net>2013-04-05 15:21:14 +0800
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treefa1d5b47856b0dcdc4259d15d2150a14d37ba3bf /assignment1/discussion.tex
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@@ -42,38 +42,28 @@ increases the likelihood of poor quality applications to be granted.
Although the use of objective measurements and scientific methodology
is considered EIA best practice \parencite{principles}, EIA is neither
-science nor is it an objective process.
-
-% TODO: not science: predictions made on the basis of very limited inputs
-
-As environmental impact statements are produced by project proponents
-with the goal to convince decision-makers of the benefits of the
-project in question, the report is a subjective statement or even a
-piece of project advocacy \parencite{TODO}. In recognition of this
-inherent bias, the EIA process calls for the participation of the
-general public, in particular the participation of affected
-individuals or interest groups \parencite{wilkins}.
+science nor is it an objective process. As environmental impact
+statements are produced by project proponents with the goal to
+convince decision-makers of the benefits of the project in question,
+the report is a subjective statement or even a piece of project
+advocacy \parencite{TODO}. In recognition of this inherent bias, the
+EIA process calls for the participation of the general public, in
+particular the participation of affected individuals or interest
+groups \parencite{wilkins}.
It is therefore rather disappointing that even in recent reviews of
international EIA practise, public participation remains on a fairly
-low level \parencite{eia-state-of-the-art}. According to
-\textcite{RMIT University \& UNU Online Learning. (n.d). Environmental
-Impact Assessment Open Educational Resource.} ``there is little
-opportunity throughout the process of EIA for the public to be
-involved; where involvement is possible it is often limited due to
-lack of resources (time and expertise)''.
+low level \parencite{eia-state-of-the-art}. Some of the main barriers
+to public participation cited by \textcite{eia-state-of-the-art} are:
+poor knowledge of the public about the process; poor provision of
+information; failure to influence the decision-making process; poor
+execution of participation methods; and regulatory constraints. As a
+review of resource consent processing performance in New Zealand
+indicates, especially the latter three are significant obstacles to
+public participation in New Zealand \parencite{TODO}. % TODO
% - opportunities for public involvement?
-Some of the main barriers to public participation cited by
-\textcite{eia-state-of-the-art} are: poor knowledge of the public
-about the process; poor provision of information; failure to influence
-the decision-making process; poor execution of participation methods;
-and regulatory constraints. As a review of resource consent processing
-performance in New Zealand indicates, especially the latter three are
-significant obstacles to public participation in New
-Zealand \parencite{TODO}. % TODO
-
According to the 2010/11 survey of local authorities the New Zealand
Ministry for the Environment carries out every two years, only about 6
per cent of all resource consents in the two-year period were notified
@@ -111,6 +101,9 @@ used in the past to successfully overcome this limitation for
individual projects that require multiple resources consent
applications to be considered \parencite{fookes}.
+% - screening is political because it depends on the values of those
+% who perform the screening; public participation in plan development?
+
When the cumulative effects of more than one proposal are to be
considered, ... need coverage by plan/policies at national/regional
level + monitoring.
@@ -127,6 +120,7 @@ level + monitoring.
the assessment of future projects \parencite{follow-up}
+
\subsection{EIA at the policy level}
``Environmental Assessment in a Changing World'' (EAE\_10E.PDF, Sadler)
@@ -158,23 +152,5 @@ level + monitoring.
also seems to apply for NZ resource consents:
- only a little more than half a percent of all resource consents are declined \parencite{rma-survey}
-
-
-
-\subsection{Scratch}
-
-\parencite{beattie}:
- - cannot be science because it makes predictions based on very limited data
- - EIAs are always political because they are part of a decision-making process
- - EIAs are necessary because they add valuable information to public
- discussions on specific proposals
-
-- poor communication
- failure to predict important impacts
-
-The following is from \textcite{RMIT University \& UNU Online Learning. (n.d). Environmental
-Impact Assessment Open Educational Resource.}:
-
-- screening is political because it depends on the values of those who perform the screening
-
-checklist from \textcite{intl-perspective} \ No newline at end of file
+- poor communication \ No newline at end of file