wastewater

1 files changed, 30 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
index d538ff7..0c99add 100644
--- a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
+++ b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ against selected components of the environment, including
 \end{inparaenum}
 
 
-\subsection{Expected effects on water}
+\subsection{Expected effects on water, soil and air}
 
 The proposed dairy processing facility is supposed to be located close
 to the river for easy access to water and for the convenient discharge
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ residents of the affected region, but are likely to have impacts on
 the composition of aquatic communities and the health of riparian and
 aquatic ecosystems.
 
+% TODO soil and air
+
 \subsubsection{Construction}
 
 Preparing the selected site for construction requires the displacement
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ river-bed. Sedimentation is less of a problem when the construction
 site and the transport routes are chosen to be not in the immediate
 vicinity of the river or other bodies of water.
 
-\subsubsection{Water allocation}
+\subsubsection{Effects during operation}
 
 During operation of the diary factory water is abstracted from the
 nearby river to sustain the production activities. The amount of water
@@ -112,21 +114,31 @@ water take as follows:
 
 % TODO: more?
 
-
-\subsubsection{Discharge of waste water}
-
-
 % TODO: CONTINUE HERE!
 
 The major waste material from processing milk in a dairy factory is
-contaminated water that has been removed from the milk or that has
-been used to sanitise equipment and clean the factory. The
-pasteurisation process that is used to kill off harmful bacteria in
-the milk results in heated waste water. As most aquatic ecosystems are
-very sensitive to temperature, discharges of warm waste water could
-significantly affect the composition and dynamics of aquatic
-communities around the discharge location \parencite{}.
-
+wastewater carrying organic components (such as proteins, lactose and
+fat) and inorganic components (e.g. nutrients). Wastewater includes
+both water that has been removed from the milk and abstracted water
+that has been used to sanitise equipment, clean the factory, or for
+heating and cooling.
+
+According to \textcite{vanasselt}, milk is repeatedly heated and
+cooled during its way through the factory. UHT (ulta-high temperature)
+treatment and other processes used to kill off harmful bacteria in the
+milk, for example, results in heated wastewater. As most aquatic
+ecosystems are very sensitive to temperature, discharges of warm
+wastewater could significantly affect the composition and dynamics of
+aquatic communities around the discharge location; hence, wastewater
+discharges are usually required not to alter the natural temperature
+of the sink waterway by more than one to two
+degrees \parencite{chemical}.  According to the project description,
+an existing dairy factory discharges wastewater that is two degrees
+warmer than the river water. If the planned factory has a comparable
+wastewater output, the water may have to be treated before discharge
+to avoid significant effects on the aquatic ecosystem.
+
+\subsection{Socio-economic effects}
 
 
 \section{SCRATCH AREA}
@@ -167,6 +179,10 @@ http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/freshwater/tools/kaitiaki_tools/land-use/meat-
 
 \subsection{Cumulative impacts}
 
+
+- social impacts
+  - more jobs 
+
 - must consider cumulative impact of increased dairy *farming*
 - consider effects of existing factory with permits for another decade
 - farm runoffs pollute the river according to locals
@@ -216,18 +232,6 @@ monitoring / significance implications:
 % waterway. To operate the new factory, the proponents want to take
 % water from the river and discharge wastewater from the plant back into
 % the waterway.
-
-- water allocation
-  - 10,000 cubic metres
-- wastewater discharge
-  - 10,000 cubic metres
-  - 2 degrees warmer
-    - effect on invertebrates
-- cumulative effects
-
-- social impacts
-  - more jobs 
-
 % 
 % There is already a dairy factory in the area producing milk products.
 % The factory has existing discharge permits which are not up for review