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----
-title: Upgrading the TEK's firmware on GNU/Linux
-date: 2014/11/23
-tags: keyboard, virtualbox
----
-
-I'm using the Truly Ergonomic Keyboard (model 209) for most of my
-typing, because it's a pretty comfortable keyboard (when it works).
-One of the greatest features of this keyboard is that the layout can
-be customised and flashed to the hardware with a firmware upgrade.
-Unfortunately, the application used to flash the firmware is only
-available for Microsoft Windows.
-
-As a GNU/Linux user I find this to be very inconvenient.  I simply
-don't have access to a machine running Microsoft Windows (not even at
-the office).  Luckily, Microsoft provides
-[free virtual machine images](http://modern.ie) of various versions of
-their operating system for browser evaluation purposes.  I
-occasionally use them to verify that a web page works all right in the
-proprietary and often quirky Microsoft browsers.  Although these
-images could be used in KVM, converting and tweaking them takes a
-little too long and is a bit annoying.  For the quickest results these
-images should be imported with Virtual Box instead.
-
-Truly Ergonomic recommends not to use virtualisation software to
-update the firmware of the keyboard, but as I was out of other options
-I decided to give it a try anyway.  You probably should not be doing
-this if you don't feel you would be able to perform a
-[manual reset](https://www.trulyergonomic.com/store/troubleshooting--truly-ergonomic-mechanical-keyboard#Reset)
-of the controller in case something goes wrong.
-
-## Preparation
-
-- a recent version of Virtual Box
-- a virtual machine image of Microsoft Windows
-- a user account that is a member of the group *vboxusers*; required
-  to access any host USB devices from within a Virtual Box machine.
-  If you have just added your account to this group, remember that you
-  need to log off and on again before the changes come into effect.
-- enable USB 2.0 support, provided by the *Oracle VM VirtualBox
-  Extension Pack*.  The extension pack has to be installed through the
-  preferences menu in the VirtualBox client.  Note that you may have
-  to run the client as root to have sufficient permissions to install
-  the extension pack.
-- a USB device filter configured to pass host USB devices through to
-  the virtual machine
-
-If everything is set up properly you should be able to forward USB
-devices from the host system to the virtual machine.  Try setting up a
-USB device filter in the USB settings menu of the virtual machine.
-You should be able to create a filter for the Truly Ergonomic Keyboard
-right there.  If you cannot see a list of USB devices at all at this
-point check that your user account is a member of the group
-*vboxusers*.
-
-
-## Performing the upgrade
-
-Inside the Windows machine start the official firmware upgrade tool,
-load the firmware you want to flash to the keyboard, and click on
-*Upgrade*.  This will result in an error message, but that's okay:
-don't panic!  The reason why this error occurs is that the USB
-identifier of the keyboard will have changed from something like this:
-
-    ID 0e6a:030c Megawin Technology Co., Ltd Truly Ergonomic Computer Keyboard
-
-to something like this:
-
-    ID 0e6a:030b Megawin Technology Co., Ltd Truly Ergonomic Computer Keyboard (Device Firmware Update mode)
-
-Since the USB identifier has changed, VirtualBox may no longer forward
-this device from the host to the virtual machine guest system.  All
-you have to do is add a filter for this new USB device in the guest
-settings and resume the upgrade by clicking on *Upgrade* again.  This
-will again lead to another error, but I found that by that time the
-upgrade has already been performed successfully.
-
-Note that while the USB device is being forwarded to the guest system
-you cannot use it in the host.  To test if the new firmware works as
-expected in your system, disable the USB filters in the guest
-settings.
-
-
-## Next steps
-
-It should also be possible to flash the firmware directly from a
-GNU/Linux system.  I suppose one could sniff the USB communication and
-build a little tool that performs the upgrade natively on GNU/Linux.