diff options
author | rekado <rekado@elephly.net> | 2016-12-15 16:33:35 +0100 |
---|---|---|
committer | rekado <rekado@elephly.net> | 2016-12-16 00:41:45 +0100 |
commit | 88844945bf0ee2218790bbf5a4f72f3e02370f0a (patch) | |
tree | 8047c8b4d05025e3be89c06608ad84e59447a5dd /pages |
Initial commit.
Diffstat (limited to 'pages')
-rw-r--r-- | pages/benefits.skr | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | pages/best-practises.skr | 80 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | pages/motivation.skr | 10 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | pages/projects.skr | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | pages/who.skr | 2 |
5 files changed, 122 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/pages/benefits.skr b/pages/benefits.skr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8e1357 --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/benefits.skr @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +(post :title "Benefits" + (page + (p [This is nice, but what are the actual benefits of “bootstrappable” implementations?]) + + (h2 [For users]) + (p [As a user, bootstrappable implementations, together with ,(anchor "reproducible builds" "https://reproducible-builds.org"), provide confidence that you are running the code you expect to be running. + Its source code is auditable by the developer community, which in turns provides reassurance that the code you’re running does not have backdoors.]) + + (h2 [For distributors]) + (p [Bootstrappable implementations provide clear provenance tracking: + the dependency graph of your distribution packages shows how each binary was obtained.]) + + (h2 [For developers]) + (p [If you are a compiler writer, making your compiler bootstrappable from a different language will simplify the development process (no need to carry large pre-built binaries around). + It will also make it easier to port the compiler to a different platform for which no bootstrap binaries exist yet.]))) diff --git a/pages/best-practises.skr b/pages/best-practises.skr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8eecc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/best-practises.skr @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +(post :title "Best practises" + (page + (p [Are you developing or contributing to software that is affected by the bootstrapping problem? + The following sections list best practises and practical examples that can help you pull yourself up by your own bootstraps, + no matter if you are ,(anchor "a compiler writer" "#compiler"), + ,(anchor "a build system developer" "#build-system"), + or ,(anchor "a system distribution developer" "#distro").]) + + `(div (@ (id "compiler"))) + (h2 [For compiler writers]) + + (p [If you're working on a compiler that is written in a language other than the one it's compiling, you're all set!]) + (p [If your compiler is written in the language that it's compiling (“self-hosted”), it probably falls in one of the following categories.]) + + (h3 [When an alternative implementation exists]) + (p [If other implementations of this programming language exist, please make sure your compiler can be built with one of these. + Examples include:]) + + (ul (li [The Go programming language has two implementations: + ,(anchor "the reference implementation" "https://golang.org/") is self-hosted, and that in ,(anchor "GCC" "https://gcc.gnu.org") is written in C++. + Furthermore, version 1.4 of the reference implementation was written in a different language and can be used to build version 1.5.]) + (li [Common Lisp has several implementations. + Notably ,(anchor "GNU clisp" "http://www.clisp.org/") is written and C and can be used to build self-hosted implementations such as ,(anchor "SBCL" "http://www.sbcl.org/").])) + + (h3 [When there is only one implementation]) + (p [If your compiler targets a language for which no other implementation exists, then please consider maintaining a (minimal) implementation of the language written in a different language. + Most likely this implementation exists, or existed at the point the programming language was created. + Maintaining this alternate implementation has a cost; + however, this cost should be minimal if this alternate implementation is used routinely to build the compiler, and if this implementation is kept simple—it does not need to be optimized.]) + (p [Examples include:]) + + (ul (li [,(anchor "GNU Guile" "https://gnu.org/software/guile"), + a Scheme implementation with a self-hosted compiler, + relies on a ,(anchor "Scheme interpreter written in C" "http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guile.git/tree/libguile/eval.c") for bootstrapping purposes.])) + (p [Please let us know if you’d like to add your compiler to this list!]) + + + `(div (@ (id "build-system"))) + (h2 [For build systems writers]) + + (p [Build systems sometimes have chicken-and-egg problems: they may need a version of themselves to get built. + If you are developing a build system, this can be avoided. + We recommend that you provide an alternative way to build your build system.]) + (p [Examples include:]) + + (ul (li [,(anchor "GNU Make" "https://gnu.org/software/make") does not require a (code "make") implementation. + It can be built using a ,(anchor "shell script" "http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/make.git/tree/build.template").]) + (li [,(anchor "Apache Ant" "http://ant.apache.org/") can bootstrap with a ,(anchor "shell script" "https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf?p=ant.git;a=blob;f=bootstrap.sh;h=60b6ece03ce78716bc036a44226f4934b541f326;hb=HEAD") that only relies on the Java compiler.]) + (li [,(anchor "Bazel" "https://bazel.build/") does not require Bazel to build itself but can be boostrapped with a ,(anchor "shell script" "https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/blob/master/compile.sh").]) + (li [,(anchor "Buck" "https://buckbuild.com/") does not require Buck to build itself. + Instead, it can be built using ,(anchor "Ant" "https://github.com/facebook/buck/blob/master/build.xml").])) + + (p [Build systems are generally easier to safely bootstrap than a self-hosted compiler that may need a full language compiler of its language. + A slow and inefficient build written in shell scripts or a different older build system (Ant, GNU Make) may suffice to generate a minimal version of the build system to bootstrap a complete version of it.]) + + `(div (@ (id "distro"))) + (h2 [For distros]) + + (p [It is unavoidable that distributions use some binaries as part of their bootstrap chain. + However, distributions should endeavour to provide traceacibility and automated reproducibility for such binaries. + This means that:]) + + (ul (li [It should be clear where the binary came from and how it was produced.]) + (li [Users can reproduce the binary to verify that it has not been tampered with.])) + + (p [For example, a distribution might use a binary package of GCC to build GCC from source. + This bootstrap binary is in most cases built from a previous revision of the distribution's GCC package. + Thus, the distribution can label the binary with something like "this package was built by running <command> on revision <hash> of the distribution's package repository." + A user can then easily reproduce the binary by fetching the specified sources and running the specified command. + This build will in most cases depend on a previous generation of bootstrap binaries. + Thus, we get a chain of verifiable bootstrap binaries stretching back in time.]) + + (p [Bootstrap binaries may also come from upstream. + This would typically be the case when a language is first added to a distribution. + In this case, it may not be obvious how the binary can be reproduced, but the distribution should at least clearly label the provenance of the binary, e.g. ,(em "this binary was downloaded from https://upstream-compiler.example.org/upstream-compiler-20161211-x86_64-linux.tar.xz").])) + +;;TODO: provide an example of how we do this / are going to do this in +;; Nixpkgs / Guix / ...? +;;http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/commit/?id=062134985802d85066418f6ee2f327122166a567 +) diff --git a/pages/motivation.skr b/pages/motivation.skr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..becac70 --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/motivation.skr @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +(post :title "Motivation" + (page + (p [WIP: needs enticing prose!]) + (ul (li [ken thompson: reflections on trusting trust]) + (li [,(anchor "toy example" + "https://manishearth.github.io/blog/2016/12/02/reflections-on-rusting-trust/")]) + (li [,(anchor "Defending Against Compiler-Based Backdoors" + "http://blog.regehr.org/archives/1241")]) + (li [,(anchor "PoC||GTFO" + "https://www.alchemistowl.org/pocorgtfo/pocorgtfo08.pdf")])))) diff --git a/pages/projects.skr b/pages/projects.skr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb82a7c --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/projects.skr @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +(post :title "Collaboration projects" + (page + (p [Here are a couple of projects that cannot possibly be done by just a single motivated individual. + If you're interested in working on any of these projects please ,(anchor "contact us" "/who.html").]) + + (h2 [Continued maintenance of the GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ)]) + (p [Until recently the latest Java Development Kit (JDK) could be bootstrapped in a chain starting with GCJ (the GNU Compiler for Java) and the IcedTea build system. + GCJ was deleted from the GNU Compiler Collection in October 2016, so it is now unclear how to bootstrap the JDK in future. + To ensure that the JDK can be built from sources without the need for an existing installation of the OpenJDK we propose to continue maintaining GCJ.]) + + (h2 [Collectively maintaining GCC 4.7]) + (p [The C and C++ compilers of the GNU Compiler Collection make up the foundation of many free software distributions. + Current versions of GCC are written in C++, which means that a C++ compiler is needed to build it from source. + GCC 4.7 was the last version of the collection that could be built with a plain C compiler, a much simpler task. + We propose to collectively maintain a subset of GCC 4.7 to ensure that we can build the foundation of free software distributions starting with a simple C compiler (such as tinyCC, pcc, etc).]))) diff --git a/pages/who.skr b/pages/who.skr new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e534cac --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/who.skr @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +(post :title "Who we are" + (page "TODO")) |