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Diffstat (limited to 'assignment2')
| -rw-r--r-- | assignment2/potential-effects.tex | 56 |
1 files changed, 30 insertions, 26 deletions
diff --git a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex index d538ff7..0c99add 100644 --- a/assignment2/potential-effects.tex +++ b/assignment2/potential-effects.tex @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ against selected components of the environment, including \end{inparaenum} -\subsection{Expected effects on water} +\subsection{Expected effects on water, soil and air} The proposed dairy processing facility is supposed to be located close to the river for easy access to water and for the convenient discharge @@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ residents of the affected region, but are likely to have impacts on the composition of aquatic communities and the health of riparian and aquatic ecosystems. +% TODO soil and air + \subsubsection{Construction} Preparing the selected site for construction requires the displacement @@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ river-bed. Sedimentation is less of a problem when the construction site and the transport routes are chosen to be not in the immediate vicinity of the river or other bodies of water. -\subsubsection{Water allocation} +\subsubsection{Effects during operation} During operation of the diary factory water is abstracted from the nearby river to sustain the production activities. The amount of water @@ -112,21 +114,31 @@ water take as follows: % TODO: more? - -\subsubsection{Discharge of waste water} - - % TODO: CONTINUE HERE! The major waste material from processing milk in a dairy factory is -contaminated water that has been removed from the milk or that has -been used to sanitise equipment and clean the factory. The -pasteurisation process that is used to kill off harmful bacteria in -the milk results in heated waste water. As most aquatic ecosystems are -very sensitive to temperature, discharges of warm waste water could -significantly affect the composition and dynamics of aquatic -communities around the discharge location \parencite{}. - +wastewater carrying organic components (such as proteins, lactose and +fat) and inorganic components (e.g. nutrients). Wastewater includes +both water that has been removed from the milk and abstracted water +that has been used to sanitise equipment, clean the factory, or for +heating and cooling. + +According to \textcite{vanasselt}, milk is repeatedly heated and +cooled during its way through the factory. UHT (ulta-high temperature) +treatment and other processes used to kill off harmful bacteria in the +milk, for example, results in heated wastewater. As most aquatic +ecosystems are very sensitive to temperature, discharges of warm +wastewater could significantly affect the composition and dynamics of +aquatic communities around the discharge location; hence, wastewater +discharges are usually required not to alter the natural temperature +of the sink waterway by more than one to two +degrees \parencite{chemical}. According to the project description, +an existing dairy factory discharges wastewater that is two degrees +warmer than the river water. If the planned factory has a comparable +wastewater output, the water may have to be treated before discharge +to avoid significant effects on the aquatic ecosystem. + +\subsection{Socio-economic effects} \section{SCRATCH AREA} @@ -167,6 +179,10 @@ http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/freshwater/tools/kaitiaki_tools/land-use/meat- \subsection{Cumulative impacts} + +- social impacts + - more jobs + - must consider cumulative impact of increased dairy *farming* - consider effects of existing factory with permits for another decade - farm runoffs pollute the river according to locals @@ -216,18 +232,6 @@ monitoring / significance implications: % waterway. To operate the new factory, the proponents want to take % water from the river and discharge wastewater from the plant back into % the waterway. - -- water allocation - - 10,000 cubic metres -- wastewater discharge - - 10,000 cubic metres - - 2 degrees warmer - - effect on invertebrates -- cumulative effects - -- social impacts - - more jobs - % % There is already a dairy factory in the area producing milk products. % The factory has existing discharge permits which are not up for review |