%
% Copyright (C) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 NICTA
% Author: Peter Chubb <peter.chubb AT nicta.com.au>
% $Id: articulate.ly,v 1.7 2011-03-24 00:40:00 peterc Exp $
%
%
%  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
%  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3,
%  as published by the Free Software Foundation.
%
%  WARNING: this file under GPLv3 only, not GPLv3+
%
%  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
%  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
%  See the GNU General Public License for more details.  It is
%  available in the Lilypond source tree, or at
%  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
%
% This script tries to make MIDI output from LilyPond a little more realistic.
% It tries to take articulations (slurs, staccato, etc) into account, by
% replacing notes  with sequential music of suitably time-scaled note plus
% skip.
%
% Trills, turns, mordents and pralls are expanded with rallentendo
% and accelerando taken into account.
%
% As my scheme knowledge is poor (I was teaching myself as I went), there
% is much scope for improvement.

% See: http://nicta.com.au/people/chubbp/articulate for additional
% information about how the articulate function works.

%%% Supported items:
% Articulations on a single note (staccato, staccatissimo, portato, tenuto).
% Slurs and phrasing slurs.
% Ornaments (i.e. mordents, trills, turns).
% Rallentando, accelerando, ritard and 'a tempo'.
%
% Please refer to 'MIDI output' (Section 3.5) in the Notation Reference
% Manual for a more detailed list of supported items.

%%% Technical Details:
% * Any note not under a slur or phrasing slur, and not marked with an
%   explicit articulation, is shortened by ac:normalFactor (default 7/8).
%   (Shortening a note means replacing the note with a note of a smaller
%   duration, and a rest to make up for the difference between the durations
%   of the original and the shortened note.)
% * Notes marked with articulations are shortened by factors specific to the
%   articulation as follows:
%     staccato       not under a slur: ac:staccatoFactor (default 1/2)
%                    under a slur: ac:portatoFactor (default 3/4)
%     staccatissimo  ac:staccatissimoFactor (default 1/4)
%     portato        ac:portatoFactor (default 3/4)
%     tenuto         ac:tenutoFactor (default 1/1 - by default, notes marked
%                                     tenuto are not shortened)
% * Appoggiaturas are made to take half the value of the note following,
%   without taking dots into account (so in \appoggiatura c8 d2. the c
%   will take the time of a crotchet).
% * Trills and turns are expanded. The algorithm tries to choose notes
%   within the time of the current tempo that lead to each twiddle being
%   around 1/8 seconds; this can be adjusted with the ac:maxTwiddleTime
%   variable.
% * Rall, poco rall and a tempo are observed. It'd be fairly trivial to
%   make accel. and stringendo and so on work too.

%
%%%USAGE
% In the \score section do:
% \articulate <<
%       all the rest of the score
% >>
% or use the lilywrap script.
%
% TO DO:
%
% * Dynamics.
%   * Fix quantisation for dynamics on single note (replace note
%     with tied 128th notes?) -- started, needs work.
%   * Make \fp do the right thing (loud start, then quiet).
%
% * Inegalite.  Notes on-beat steal time from notes off-beat.
%   Degree of stealing is a parameter: from 1.0 (straight)
%   to 1.5 (extreme swing).  Also fix tenuto to use this.
%
% * add accel (to match rall), and molto rall. I've never seen
%   molto accel but some composer somewhere has probably used it.
%
% * Fermata, and Fermata Lunga
% * Add more synonyms for accel and rall: rit ritard stringendo
%
% * Phrasing.
%   * Rall at end of piece
%   * Very slight accel into a phrase, rall out of it.
%   * Dynamics during a phrase????  unclear how these should be in
%     the general case
%
% * Trill algorithm needs work.
%
% * Cope with more ornaments/articulations.
%    inverted-turns, etc.
%   -- accent needs better control of dynamics.
%   -- Handling of generic ornaments (in lily, `\stopped'; in
%               most early music:  ornament this note (trill, turn
%               or mordent as the player wishes))

% * Automatic gruppetto at end of trill; better handling of
%      initial/final grace notes on trill

% * Automatic ornaments.
%   * Spot cadences and ornament
%   * Look for quaver-dotted note for trills, for example.
%   * Fill in steps. (Needs lookahead/lookbehind.)
% * `afterturn' -- a turn after the start of a note.
% * accidentals for trills and turns

% CHANGELOG
%  * Heikki Tauriainen: handle also the \portato articulation (both as an
%    explicit articulation, and as the articulation to use for slurred
%    notes marked \staccato).
%  * David Kastrup: remove redefinitions of \afterGrace and \appoggiatura
%    and let their actions be performed when \articulate is called by
%    recognizing and replacing LilyPond's default code for these constructs.
%    Cf issue 4517 in LilyPond's tracker.
%  * David Kastrup: basic 2.15.28 compatibility by using event-chord-wrap!
%    This should really be done by rewriting the code more thoroughly.
%  * From Iain Nicol: appoggiatura timings were out; add staccatissimo; fix
%    trillSpanner endpoints.
%  * Also handle Breathing events (by throwing them away).  This isn't ideal;
%    one should really shorten the note before a little.  But I don't know
%    how to do lookahead in scheme.
%  * Also ignore explicit line breaks.
%  * Add Mordents (reported by Patrick Karl)
%

\version "2.19.22"

#(use-modules (srfi srfi-1))
#(use-modules (srfi srfi-11))
#(use-modules (ice-9 debug))
#(use-modules (scm display-lily))

% PARAMETERS
% How much to compress notes marked Staccato.  CPE Bach says `as short as
% may conveniently be played, as if the keys were too hot to touch'.
% Most modern sources say 1/2 the notated length of a note.
#(define ac:staccatoFactor '(1 . 2))

% How much to compress notes marked staccatissimo.
#(define ac:staccatissimoFactor '(1 . 4))

% Shortening factor for notes marked portato (or slurred notes marked
% staccato).
#(define ac:portatoFactor '(3 . 4))

% And tenuto (if we ever implement time stealing, this should be >1.0)
#(define ac:tenutoFactor '(1 . 1))

% How much to articulate normal notes.  CPE Bach says 1/2 (and
% staccato should be `as short as may conveniently be played') but this
% sounds too short for modern music.  7/8 sounds about right.
#(define ac:normalFactor '(7 . 8))

% How much to slow down for a rall. or a poco rall.
% (or speed up for accel or poco accel)
#(define ac:rallFactor (ly:make-moment 60/100)) % 40% slowdown
#(define ac:pocoRallFactor (ly:make-moment 90/100)) % 10% slowdown

% The absolute time for a twiddle in a trill, in minutes.
% Start with 1/4 seconds == 1/240 minutes
#(define ac:maxTwiddleTime (ly:make-moment 1/240))

% How long ordinary grace notes should be relative to their notated
% duration.  9/40 is LilyPond's built-in behaviour for MIDI output
% (though the notation reference says 1/4).
#(define ac:defaultGraceFactor 9/40)

% What proportion of an ordinary grace note's time should be stolen
% from preceding notes (as opposed to stealing from the principal note).
% Composers' intentions for this vary.  Taking all from the preceding
% notes is LilyPond's built-in behaviour for MIDI output.
#(define ac:defaultGraceBackwardness 1)


% Internal variables, don't touch.
% (should probably be part of a context somehow)

% Whether to slur, or not
#(define ac:inSlur #f)
#(define ac:inPhrasingSlur #f)

% Whether the current noteevent is in a trill spanner
#(define ac:inTrill #f)

% assume start in C major.  Key change events override this.
% Could get from context, but don't know how.
#(define ac:current-key (make-music
          'KeyChangeEvent
          'tonic
          (ly:make-pitch -1 0 0)
          'pitch-alist
          (list (cons 0 0)
                (cons 1 0)
                (cons 2 0)
                (cons 3 0)
                (cons 4 0)
                (cons 5 0)
                (cons 6 0))))


#(define ac:currentTempo (ly:make-moment 15/1)) % 4 = 60, measured wholes per minute
#(define ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo) % for 'a tempo' or 'tempo I'

% The duration of the current note.  Start at a crotchet
% for no good reason.
#(define ac:currentDuration (ly:make-duration 2 0 1/1))

% Amount of musical time (in whole notes) that we need to steal from the
% next events seen.
#(define ac:stealForward 0)

% List of events in the output so far, in reverse order, from which we can
% steal time.
#(define ac:eventsBackward '())

% Log events for the backward chain.
#(define (ac:logEventsBackward music)
  (music-map
   (lambda (m)
    (case (ly:music-property m 'name)
     ((EventChord)
      (set! ac:eventsBackward (cons m ac:eventsBackward))
      m)
     ((BarCheck SkipMusic)
      (let ((wm (make-sequential-music (list m))))
       (set! ac:eventsBackward (cons wm ac:eventsBackward))
       wm))
     (else
      m)))
   music))

% Steal time from the backward chain.  Adds to ac:stealForward (with a
% warning) if it couldn't backward-steal all that was desired.
#(define (ac:stealTimeBackward tosteal)
  (if (<= tosteal 0)
   #t
   (if (null? ac:eventsBackward)
    (begin
     (ly:warning (_ "articulation failed to steal ~a note backward at beginning of music; stealing forward instead") tosteal)
     (set! ac:stealForward (+ ac:stealForward tosteal)))
    (let*
     ((lastev (car ac:eventsBackward))
      (levlen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length lastev))))
     (if (< tosteal levlen)
      (begin
       (ly:music-compress lastev (ly:make-moment (/ (- levlen tosteal) levlen)))
       #t)
      (begin
       (if (any (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
                (ly:music-property lastev 'elements))
        (ly:warning (_ "stealing the entirety of a note's time")))
       (set! (ly:music-property lastev 'elements) '())
       (set! ac:eventsBackward (cdr ac:eventsBackward))
       (ac:stealTimeBackward (- tosteal levlen))))))))

% Debugging: display a moment plus some text.
% Returns its moment argument so can be used in-line.
#(define (display-moment  text m)
  (display text)
  (display (list (ly:moment-main-numerator m) "/" (ly:moment-main-denominator m)))
  m
)

% Track tempo (and maybe later, other context properties)
% as they change.  Needs to better cope with saving only Tempo I,
% otherwise "a tempo" goes back to the tempo before the last change.
#(define (ac:adjust-props sym music)
  (case sym
   ((tempoWholesPerMinute)
    (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:music-property music 'value))
    (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
  )))

% Raise note one step in the current diatonic scale.
#(define (ac:up note)
  (let* ((pitch (ly:music-property note 'pitch))
         (notename (ly:pitch-notename pitch))
         (new-notename (if (eq? notename 6) 0 (+ 1 notename)))
         (alterations (ly:music-property ac:current-key 'pitch-alist))
         (new-alteration (cdr (assq new-notename alterations)))
         (new-octave (if (eq? new-notename 0) (+ 1 (ly:pitch-octave pitch))
                      (ly:pitch-octave pitch)))
       )
   (set! (ly:music-property note 'pitch)(ly:make-pitch new-octave new-notename new-alteration))))


% Lower note one step in the current diatonic scale.
#(define (ac:down note)
  (begin  (let* ((pitch (ly:music-property note 'pitch))
         (notename (ly:pitch-notename pitch))
         (new-notename (if (eq? notename 0) 6 (- notename 1)))
         (alterations (ly:music-property ac:current-key 'pitch-alist))
         (new-alteration (cdr (assq new-notename alterations)))
         (new-octave (if (eq? new-notename 6) (- (ly:pitch-octave pitch) 1)
                      (ly:pitch-octave pitch)))
       )
   (set! (ly:music-property note 'pitch)(ly:make-pitch new-octave new-notename new-alteration))))
)

% Shorten a note, and save the note's original duration in ac:currentDuration
#(define (ac:articulate-one-note m fraction)
  "Replace m with m*fraction"
  (if  (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property m 'name))
   (let*
    ((dur (ly:music-property m 'duration))
     (l (ly:duration-log dur))
     (d (ly:duration-dot-count dur))
     (factor (ly:duration-factor dur))
     (num (car fraction))
     (denom (cdr fraction)))
    (begin
     (set! ac:currentDuration dur)
     (set! (ly:music-property m 'duration)
      (ly:make-duration l d
       (* num (car factor))
       (* denom (cdr factor))))))
   m))

% helper routine to set duration.
#(define (ac:setduration music duration)
  "Set a note's duration."
  (let ((eventtype (ly:music-property music 'name)))
   (if
    (or
     (eq? eventtype 'NoteEvent)
     (eq? eventtype 'RestEvent)
     (eq? eventtype 'SkipEvent))
    (set! (ly:music-property music 'duration) duration))))

% Add an articulation event to a note.
% Used in afterGrace to mark all notes as tenuto, so they're not shortened
#(define (ac:add-articulation type music)
    (music-map (lambda (m)
                (if (eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property m 'name))
                 (set! (ly:music-property m 'elements)
                  (append (ly:music-property m 'elements)
                   (list (make-music 'ArticulationEvent 'articulation-type type)))))
                m)
     music))

% Convert a long note to an equivalent set of short notes, tied together.
% This is needed to get smooth dynamics changes.
% Need to deal properly with stuff other than the notes (dynamics, markup etc)
% Still experimental, so disabled for now.
#(define (ac:to128 music) music)

#(define (ac:to128_disabled music)
  (if (or (eq? 'SkipEvent (ly:music-property music 'name))
        (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property music 'name)))
   (let* ((dur (ly:music-property music 'duration))
          (log2 (ly:duration-log dur))
         (shiftcount (- 6 log2))
         (lastm (ly:music-deep-copy (shift-duration-log music shiftcount 0))))
   (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements)
    (cons (make-music 'TieEvent) (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
   (make-sequential-music (list
                           (make-repeat "unfold" (1- (expt 2 shiftcount))
                            (make-sequential-music (list music)) '())
                           lastm)))
 music))


% absolute time in minutes of a length of music, as a rational number (moment)
#(define (ac:abstime music)
  (ly:moment-div (ly:music-length music) ac:currentTempo))

% convert absolute time (in minutes) to a moment in the current tempo
#(define (ac:abs->mom m)
  (ly:moment-mul m ac:currentTempo))


% a moment that is ac:maxTwiddletime seconds at the current tempo.
#(define (ac:targetTwiddleTime)
  (ac:abs->mom ac:maxTwiddleTime))


% Nearest twiddletime (in minutes) achievable with power-of-2 divisions of
% the original music.  (twiddletime is the time for one pair of notes
% in a trill)
% If the music has a precomputed twiddletime (e.g., from \afterGrace) use that.
#(define (ac:twiddletime music)
  (let* ((tr (filter (lambda (x)
                     (and (eq? 'ArticulationEvent (ly:music-property x 'name))
                      (string= "trill" (ly:music-property x 'articulation-type))))
              (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
         (pre-t (if (pair? tr) (ly:music-property (car tr) 'twiddle)
                 '()))
         (hemisemimom (ly:make-moment 1/64))
         (t (ac:targetTwiddleTime)))
   (if (ly:moment? pre-t)
    pre-t
    hemisemimom)))



% Note: I'm assuming early music practice of starting on the auxiliary note.
% Needs to add gruppetto if it's a long trill (TODO)
#(define (ac:trill music)
  " Replace music with time-compressed repeats of the music,
    maybe accelerating if the length is longer than a crotchet "
  (let* ((hemisemidur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
         (orig-len  (ly:music-length music))
         (t (ac:twiddletime music))
         (uppernote '())
         (note_moment (ly:moment-mul t (ly:make-moment 1/2)))
         (c1 (ly:moment-div orig-len t))
         (c2 (inexact->exact
              (round (/ (ly:moment-main-numerator c1)
                      (* 2 (ly:moment-main-denominator c1))))))
         (count (if (< c2 2) 2 c2)))

   (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements)
    (filter (lambda (y) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property y 'name)))
     (ly:music-property music 'elements)))
   (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y hemisemidur))
    (ly:music-property music 'elements))
   (set! uppernote (ly:music-deep-copy music))
   (map (lambda (y) (ac:up y))
    (filter
     (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
     (ly:music-property uppernote 'elements)))

   (let* ((trillMusicElements
          (let loop ((so_far (list uppernote music))
                     (c count))
           (if (> c 1)
            (loop (append (list (ly:music-deep-copy uppernote) (ly:music-deep-copy music)) so_far) (1- c))
            so_far)))
          (trillMusic (make-sequential-music trillMusicElements))
          (newlen (ly:music-length trillMusic))
          (factor (ly:moment-div  orig-len newlen)))
    (ly:music-compress trillMusic factor)
; accelerating the music seems to put lily into an infinite loop in
; its layout and midi engines.
;    (let* ((realfactor (exp (* (/ 1.0 count) (log 0.75))))
;          (factor (ly:make-moment (inexact->exact (round (* 1024 realfactor)))
;                   1024)))
;     (ac:accel trillMusic factor))
 )))


% Copy music and strip articulations, ties, etc., for generating
% mordents etc.
#(define (ac:note-copy music)
  "return a copy of music that is only notes, no articulations, ties, slurs etc"
  (let ((new-music (ly:music-deep-copy music)))
   (set! (ly:music-property new-music 'articulations) '())
   (set! (ly:music-property new-music 'elements)
    (filter (lambda (y) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property y 'name)))
     (ly:music-property new-music 'elements)))
   new-music))

%
% Generate a tempoChangeEvent and its associated property setting.
%
#(define (ac:tempoChange tempo)
  (make-sequential-music
   (list (make-music 'TempoChangeEvent
          'metronome-count
          tempo
          'tempo-unit
          (ly:make-duration 0 0 1/1))
    (context-spec-music
    (make-property-set 'tempoWholesPerMinute  tempo) 'Score))))

%
% Totally unfold repeats, so that the non-obvious sequencing doesn't
% confuse us.  This is necessary for time stealing to work, because
% that relies on the sequence in which we see events matching their
% audible sequence.  Also unfold multi-measure rests to equivalent
% skips, with preceding and following bar checks, so that time stealing
% can change the length of the pause without falling foul of the
% implicit bar checks.
%
#(define (ac:unfoldMusic music)
  (music-map
   (lambda (m)
    (case (ly:music-property m 'name)
     ((UnfoldedRepeatedMusic)
      (let
       ((body (ly:music-property m 'element))
        (altl (ly:music-property m 'elements))
        (rc (ly:music-property m 'repeat-count)))
       (if (null? altl)
        (make-sequential-music
         (list-tabulate rc (lambda (i) (ly:music-deep-copy body))))
        (let ((ealtl (if (> (length altl) rc) (take altl rc) altl)))
         (make-sequential-music
          (apply append!
           (append!
            (list-tabulate
             (- rc (length ealtl))
             (lambda (i) (list (ly:music-deep-copy body) (ly:music-deep-copy (car ealtl)))))
            (map (lambda (alt) (list (ly:music-deep-copy body) alt)) ealtl))))))))
     ((EventChord)
      (let-values
       (((trem evl)
         (partition (lambda (v) (eq? (ly:music-property v 'name) 'TremoloEvent))
          (ly:music-property m 'elements))))
       (if (null? trem)
        m
        (let*
         ((tremtype (ly:music-property (car trem) 'tremolo-type))
          (tremtype-log (1- (integer-length tremtype)))
          (durev (find (lambda (v) (not (null? (ly:music-property v 'duration)))) evl))
          (totaldur (if durev (ly:music-property durev 'duration) (ly:make-duration tremtype-log 0 1)))
          (tgt-nrep (/ (duration-visual-length totaldur) (duration-log-factor tremtype-log)))
          (eff-nrep (max (truncate tgt-nrep) 1))
          (tremdur (ly:make-duration tremtype-log 0
                    (* (/ tgt-nrep eff-nrep) (ly:duration-scale totaldur)))))
         (or (and (= eff-nrep tgt-nrep) (= (ash 1 tremtype-log) tremtype))
          (ly:warning (_ "non-integer tremolo ~a:~a")
           (duration->lily-string (duration-visual totaldur) #:force-duration #t #:time-scale 1)
           tremtype))
         (for-each
          (lambda (v)
           (or (null? (ly:music-property v 'duration))
            (set! (ly:music-property v 'duration) tremdur)))
          evl)
         (set! (ly:music-property m 'elements) evl)
         (make-sequential-music
          (list-tabulate eff-nrep (lambda (i) (ly:music-deep-copy m))))))))
     ((MultiMeasureRestMusic)
      (make-sequential-music
       (list
        (make-music 'BarCheck)
        (make-music 'SkipMusic 'duration (ly:music-property m 'duration))
        (make-music 'BarCheck))))
     (else
      m)))
   (unfold-repeats music)))

% If there's an articulation, use it.
% If in a slur, use (1 . 1) instead (unless the note is marked staccato,
% in which case use ac:portatoFactor).
% Treat phrasing slurs as slurs, but allow explicit articulation.
%
% Expect an EventChord.
%
% trills, turns, ornaments etc.  are also treated as Articulations.
% Split into two functions:
%  ac:getactions traverses the elements in the EventChord
%               and calculates the parameters.
%  ac:articulate-chord applies the actions to each NoteEvent in
%               the EventChord.
#(define (ac:getactions music)
  (let ((at-end-of-slur #f))
   (let  loop ((factor ac:normalFactor)
               (newelements '())
               (es (ly:music-property music 'elements))
               (actions '()))
    (if (null? es)
     (begin
      (set! (ly:music-property music 'elements) (reverse newelements))
      (if
       (not (any (lambda (m) (music-is-of-type? m 'rhythmic-event))
                 newelements))
       actions
       (append
        (let ((st ac:stealForward))
         (if (= st 0)
          '()
          (begin
           (set! ac:stealForward 0)
           (list 'steal st))))
        actions
        (cond
         (ac:inTrill '(trill))
         ((and (eq? factor ac:normalFactor) (or ac:inSlur ac:inPhrasingSlur))
          (list 'articulation  '(1 . 1)))
         ((and (eq? factor ac:staccatoFactor) (or ac:inSlur at-end-of-slur))
          (list 'articulation ac:portatoFactor))
         (else (list 'articulation  factor))))))
     ; else part
     (let ((e (car es))
           (tail (cdr es)))
      (case (ly:music-property e 'name)

       ((BeamEvent) ; throw away beam events, or they'll be duplicated by turn or trill
        (loop factor newelements tail actions))

       ((LineBreakEvent FingeringEvent MarkEvent BreathingEvent TieEvent SkipEvent RestEvent) ; pass through some events.
        (loop (cons 1 1) (cons e newelements) tail actions))

       ((ArticulationEvent)
        (let ((articname (ly:music-property e 'articulation-type)))
         ; TODO: add more here
         (cond
          ((string= articname "staccato")
           (loop ac:staccatoFactor newelements tail actions))
          ((string= articname "staccatissimo")
           (loop ac:staccatissimoFactor newelements tail actions))
          ((string= articname "portato")
           (loop ac:portatoFactor newelements tail actions))
          ((string= articname "tenuto")
           (loop ac:tenutoFactor newelements tail actions))
          ((string= articname "mordent")
           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'mordent actions)))
          ((string= articname "prall")
           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'prall actions)))
          ((string= articname "trill")
           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'trill actions)))
          ((string= articname "turn")
           (loop (cons 1 1) newelements tail (cons 'turn actions)))
          (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)))))

       ((TextScriptEvent)
        (let ((t (ly:music-property e 'text)))
         (if (not (string? t))
          (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)
          (begin
           (cond
            ((or
              (string= t "rall")
              (string= t "Rall")
              (string= t "rit.")
              (string= t "rall."))
             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'rall actions)))
            ((or
              (string= t "accelerando")
              (string= t "accel")
              (string= t "accel."))
             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'accel actions)))
            ((or
              (string= t "poco accel."))
             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'pocoAccel actions)))
            ((or
              (string= t "poco rall.")
              (string= t "poco rit."))
             (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'pocoRall actions)))
            ((or (string= t "a tempo")
              (string= t "tempo I"))
           (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail (cons 'aTempo actions)))
            (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions)))))))

       ((SlurEvent)
        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
         (set! ac:inSlur (eq? direction -1))
         (set! at-end-of-slur (eq? direction 1))
         (loop factor newelements tail actions)))

       ((TrillSpanEvent)
        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
         (set! ac:inTrill (eq? direction -1))
         (if ac:inTrill
          (loop factor newelements tail (cons 'trill actions))
          (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions))))

       ((PhrasingSlurEvent)
        (let ((direction (ly:music-property e 'span-direction)))
         (set! ac:inPhrasingSlur (eq? direction -1))
         (loop factor newelements tail actions)))

       (else (loop factor (cons e newelements) tail actions))))))))



#(define (ac:articulate-chord music)
  (cond
   ((eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property music 'name))
    (ac:logEventsBackward
     (let loop ((actions (ac:getactions music)))
      (if (null? actions)
        (if (ly:moment<? (ly:make-moment 1/4) (ly:music-length music))
         (ac:to128  music)
         music)

      (case (car actions)

       ((articulation)
        (map
         (lambda (x) (ac:articulate-one-note x (cadr actions)))
         (ly:music-property music 'elements))
        (let*
         ((num (caadr actions))
          (denom (cdadr actions))
          (mult (ly:duration-factor ac:currentDuration))
          (newnum (* (- denom num) (car mult)))
          (newdenom (* (cdr mult) denom))
          (len (ly:duration-log ac:currentDuration))
          (dots (ly:duration-dot-count ac:currentDuration)))

         (if (not (eq? num denom))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list (ac:to128 music)
           (make-music 'EventChord 'elements
            (list
             (make-music 'RestEvent 'duration (ly:make-duration len dots newnum newdenom))))))
          music)))

       ((accel)
        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-div ac:currentTempo ac:rallFactor))
        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
         (if (null? (cdr actions))
          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))

       ((pocoAccel)
        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-div ac:currentTempo ac:pocoRallFactor))
        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
         (if (null? (cdr actions))
          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))

       ((rall)
        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-mul ac:currentTempo ac:rallFactor))
        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
         (if (null? (cdr actions))
          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))

       ((pocoRall)
        (set! ac:lastTempo ac:currentTempo)
        (set! ac:currentTempo (ly:moment-mul ac:currentTempo ac:pocoRallFactor))
        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
         (if (null? (cdr actions))
          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))

       ((aTempo)
        (set! ac:currentTempo ac:lastTempo)

        (let ((pset (ac:tempoChange ac:currentTempo)))
         (if (null? (cdr actions))
          (make-sequential-music (list pset music))
          (make-sequential-music
           (list pset (loop (cdr actions)))))))

       ((trill)
         (ac:trill music))

       ((prall)
        ; A pralltriller symbol can either mean an inverted mordent
        ; or a half-shake -- a short, two twiddle trill.
        ; We implement as a half-shake.
        (let*
         ((origlength (ly:music-length music))
          (gracedur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
          (gracenote (ac:note-copy music))
          (abovenote (ac:note-copy music))
          (abovenoteTwo (ac:note-copy music))
          (mainnote (ly:music-deep-copy music)))

         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
          (ly:music-property gracenote 'elements))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
          (ly:music-property abovenote 'elements))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
          (ly:music-property abovenoteTwo 'elements))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:up y))
          (filter
           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
           (ly:music-property abovenote 'elements)))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:up y))
          (filter
           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
           (ly:music-property abovenoteTwo 'elements)))
         (let* ((prallMusic (make-sequential-music
                              (list abovenote gracenote abovenoteTwo mainnote)))
                 (newlen (ly:music-length prallMusic))
                 (factor (ly:moment-div origlength newlen)))
           (ly:music-compress prallMusic factor))))

       ((mordent)
        (let*
         ((origlength (ly:music-length music))
          (gracedur (ly:make-duration 5 0 1/1))
          (gracenote (ac:note-copy music))
          (belownote (ac:note-copy music)))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
          (ly:music-property gracenote 'elements))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y gracedur))
               (ly:music-property belownote 'elements))
         (map (lambda (y) (ac:down y))
          (filter
           (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
           (ly:music-property belownote 'elements)))

         (let* ((mordentMusic (make-sequential-music (list gracenote belownote music)))
                (newlen (ly:music-length mordentMusic))
                (factor (ly:moment-div origlength newlen)))
          (ly:music-compress mordentMusic factor))))

       ((turn)
        (let*
         ((dur (ly:music-property
                (car (ly:music-property music 'elements)) 'duration))
          (factor (ly:duration-factor dur))
          (newdur (ly:make-duration (+ (ly:duration-log dur) 2)
                   (ly:duration-dot-count dur) (car factor)(cdr factor))))
         (begin
          (map (lambda (y) (ac:setduration y newdur))
           (ly:music-property music 'elements))
          (let* ((above (ly:music-deep-copy music))
                 (below (ly:music-deep-copy music))
                 (newmusic (make-sequential-music (list above music below music))))
           (begin
            (map (lambda (y) (ac:down y))
             (filter
              (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
              (ly:music-property below 'elements)))
            (map (lambda (y) (ac:up y))
             (filter
              (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
              (ly:music-property above 'elements)))
            newmusic)))))
       ((steal)
        (let
         ((totallen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length music)))
          (steallen (cadr actions)))
         (if (>= steallen totallen)
          (begin
           (if (any (lambda (z) (eq? 'NoteEvent (ly:music-property z 'name)))
                    (ly:music-property music 'elements))
            (ly:warning (_ "stealing the entirety of a note's time")))
           (set! ac:stealForward (- steallen totallen))
           (make-sequential-music '()))
          (begin
           (ly:music-compress music (ly:make-moment (/ (- totallen steallen) totallen)))
           (loop (cddr actions))))))
     )))))

   ((eq? 'GraceMusic (ly:music-property music 'name))
    (let
     ((first-ev
       (call-with-current-continuation
        (lambda (yield-fev)
         (music-map
          (lambda (m)
           (if (eq? 'EventChord (ly:music-property m 'name))
            (yield-fev m)
            m))
          music)
         #f))))
     (if first-ev
      (let ((fev-pos (find-tail (lambda (m) (eq? m first-ev)) ac:eventsBackward)))
       (if fev-pos
        (set! ac:eventsBackward (cdr fev-pos))
        (ly:warning (_ "articulation of grace notes has gone awry"))))))
    (let*
     ((gmus (ly:music-compress (ly:music-property music 'element)
                               (ly:make-moment ac:defaultGraceFactor)))
      (glen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length gmus))))
     (ac:stealTimeBackward (* glen ac:defaultGraceBackwardness))
     (set! ac:stealForward (+ ac:stealForward (* glen (- 1 ac:defaultGraceBackwardness))))
     gmus))

   ((memq (ly:music-property music 'name) '(BarCheck SkipMusic))
    (let ((totallen (ly:moment-main (ly:music-length music)))
          (steallen ac:stealForward))
     (cond
      ((= steallen 0)
       (ac:logEventsBackward music))
      ((< steallen totallen)
       (set! ac:stealForward 0)
       (ac:logEventsBackward
        (ly:music-compress music (ly:make-moment (/ (- totallen steallen) totallen)))))
      (else
       (set! ac:stealForward (- steallen totallen))
       (make-sequential-music '())))))

   ((eq? 'KeyChangeEvent (ly:music-property music 'name))
    (set! ac:current-key music)
    music)

   ((eq? 'PropertySet (ly:music-property music 'name))
    (ac:adjust-props (ly:music-property music 'symbol) music)
    music)

   (else music)))



% At last ... here's the music function that applies all the above to a
% score.
articulate = #(define-music-function (music)
               (ly:music?)
               "Adjust times of note to add tenuto, staccato and
                normal articulations.
                "
               (dynamic-wind
                (lambda ()
                 (set! ac:stealForward 0)
                 (set! ac:eventsBackward '()))
                (lambda ()
                 (music-map
                  ac:articulate-chord
                  (ac:startup-replacements music)))
                (lambda ()
                 (or (= ac:stealForward 0)
                  (begin
                   (ly:warning (_ "articulation failed to steal ~a note at end of music") ac:stealForward)
                   (set! ac:stealForward 0)))
                 (set! ac:eventsBackward '()))))

#(define (ac:startup-replacements music)
   (fold (lambda (f m) (f m))
	 music
	 (list
	  event-chord-wrap!
	  ac:replace-aftergrace
	  ac:replace-appoggiatura
	  ac:unfoldMusic)))

#(define (ac:replace-aftergrace music)
   (map-some-music
    (lambda (expr)
      (with-music-match
       (expr (music 'SimultaneousMusic
		    elements (?before-grace
			      (music 'SequentialMusic
				     elements ((music 'SkipMusic)
					       (music 'GraceMusic
						      element ?grace))))))
       (ac:aftergrace ?before-grace ?grace)))
    music))

#(define (ac:replace-appoggiatura music)
   ;; appoggiature are ugly to deal with since they require a main
   ;; note following them.  We only try dealing with this followership
   ;; in sequential music
   (map-some-music
    (lambda (m)
      (if (eq? 'SequentialMusic (ly:music-property m 'name))
	  (pair-for-each
	   (lambda (elts)
	     (let ((expr (car elts))
		   (main (and (pair? (cdr elts)) (cadr elts))))
	       (and main
		    ;;stolen from define-music-display-methods
		    (with-music-match
		     (expr (music
			    'GraceMusic
			    element (music
				     'SequentialMusic
				     elements (?start
					       ?music
					       ?stop))))
		     ;; we check whether ?start and ?stop look like
		     ;; startAppoggiaturaMusic stopAppoggiaturaMusic
		     (and (with-music-match (?start (music
						     'SequentialMusic
						     elements ((music
								'EventChord
								elements
								((music
								  'SlurEvent
								  span-direction START))))))
					    #t)
			  (with-music-match (?stop (music
						    'SequentialMusic
						    elements ((music
							       'EventChord
							       elements
							       ((music
								 'SlurEvent
								 span-direction STOP))))))
					    #t)
			  (let* ((app (ac:appoggiatura ?music main))
				 (apps (ly:music-property app 'elements)))
			    (set-car! elts (car apps))
			    (set-car! (cdr elts) (cadr apps))
			    #f))))))
	   (ly:music-property m 'elements)))
      #f)
    music))

% Override \afterGrace to be in terms of audio, not spacing.
% Special handling for a gruppetto after a trill.
#(define (ac:aftergrace main grace)
  (let*
   ((main-length (ly:music-length main))
    (grace-orig-length (ly:music-length grace))
    (gracelen (ac:twiddletime main))
    (grace-factor (ly:moment-div gracelen grace-orig-length))
    (new-main-length (ly:moment-sub main-length gracelen))
    (factor (ly:moment-div new-main-length main-length))
  )
   (map (lambda (y) (set! (ly:music-property y 'twiddle) gracelen))
         (filter (lambda (z)
                  (and
                   (eq? 'ArticulationEvent (ly:music-property z 'name))
                   (string= "trill" (ly:music-property z 'articulation-type))))
          (ly:music-property main 'elements)))
   (ac:add-articulation "tenuto" grace)
   (make-sequential-music  (list (ly:music-compress main factor) (ly:music-compress grace grace-factor)))))

% An appoggiatura takes half the duration of the main note,
% or 1/3 if the note is dotted (i.e., half the undotted equivalent time)
% Somewhere around the end of the 19th, start of 20th century the rules
% changed, but my main interest is early music.
#(define (ac:appoggiatura grace main)
  (let* ((maindur (ly:music-length main))
         (grace-orig-len (ly:music-length grace))
         (main-orig-len (ly:music-length main))
         (numerator (ly:moment-main-numerator maindur))
         (factor (if (eq? (remainder numerator 3) 0)
                  (ly:make-moment 1/3) (ly:make-moment 1/2))))
   (ly:music-compress grace
    (ly:moment-mul factor (ly:moment-div main-orig-len grace-orig-len)))
   (ly:music-compress main (ly:moment-sub (ly:make-moment 1/1) factor))

    (set! (ly:music-property grace 'elements)
     (append (ly:music-property grace 'elements)
      (list (make-music 'SlurEvent 'span-direction -1))))
    (set! (ly:music-property main 'elements)
     (append (ly:music-property main 'elements)
      (list (make-music 'SlurEvent 'span-direction 1))))
     (make-sequential-music (list grace main))))